Answering Questions- Cancer Case Study
Answer One
The 2cm form, non-tender, non-mobile mass on Ms. Baker’s upper outer left breast quadrant is an indication of benign breast disease, which includes noncancerous changes in human breasts referred to as Fat Necrosis. It is non-cancerous condition describing presence of a dead tissue in human’s breast and occurs as a result of a lump in an area where the fatty breast tissue has been damaged. In this case, since Ms. Baker had not in previously undergone any radiotherapy, breast surgery or a needle biopsy on breasts her breast tissue might have been damaged due to an injury or a bruise (Tice et al., 2015).
Answer Two
According to Raman et al. (2017) the fibrocystic breast condition is a non-cancerous benign state where a woman suffers some pain in her breasts as a result of a lump which leads to changes in the breast tissue. The lump is usually as a result of small breast masses, fluid-filled, tender, oval or round sacs within the breasts. The cysts affect women at any age but are most common when women are at their forty’s. The cysts start as a small fluid that builds up inside breast glands, which are very tiny to feel and only visible under microscope (Raman et al., 2017).
Raman et al. (2017) states that he condition is non-hazardous but due changes in hormone the cysts become painful and bigger and at times are visible before menstruation time. As a result of the pain it leads to uneasiness and in most cases the doctors do not submit to it as a disease, but as a condition prone to some women at some point in their lives (Raman et al., 2017).
Answer Three
The most common form of breast cancer is the invasive ductal carcinoma accounting for more than 80 percent treated cases of breast cancer across the world. The term ‘invasive’ describes the cancer’s main feature of spreading to other surrounding breast tissues. The condition starts at the milk ducts, which carries the milk from the lobules to the nipples, and then breaks the wall of the milk tubes and invade the other breast’s tissues. The ICD over time if not diagnosed invades to lymph nodes as well as other parts of the body. It can affect men, but is most prevalent on women mostly at their old age though it can occur at any age (Tice et al., 2015).
Answer Four
The major difference that exists between the invasive ductal carcinoma (ICD) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is on location and ability to infiltrate (Wei et al., 2012). The DCIS starts and remains within the milk duct without spreading to any other area. However, ICD starts at the milk ducts, breaks their walls and invades the surrounding breast tissues but at times can times, it spreads to other parts of the body through the bloodstream lymphatic scheme and lymphatic scheme (Wei et al., 2012).
Answer Five
According to Schneider et al. (2015) in most cases, cancer develops in one area of the body, but later spreads to other parts, leading to different forms of metastatic cancer related with the primary cancer. When lung cancer spreads to other part of the body it is called metastatic lung cancer. During metastatic the lung cell with a genetic mutation separates and moves to other parts where in later stages the cells moves from the original tumor and grows in other parts of the body (Schneider et al., 2015).
On the other hand, primary lung cancer starts at the lungs as a result of abnormal lung cells. The primary lung cancer can spread to other parts of the body resulting metastatic cancer to the area of spread. Also, if cancer invades lungs from other parts it does not lead to primary cancer but amounts to secondary lung cancer as the lungs are a second site to the original location of the cancer (Schneider et al., 2015).
Also Study:
The Availability Of Family Support To The Breast Cancer Patients
Alternative Therapies For Cancer
Experiences of Patients For Cancer Diagnosis
References;
- Raman, D., Boj, S., Arumugam, D., & Chidambaram, L. (2017). An Assessment of Angiogenesis In Fibrocystic Breast Disease and Invasive Breast Carcinoma. Journal of Evolution of Medical And Dental Sciences-Jemds, 6(78), 5553-5556.
- Schneider, G., Glaser, T., Lameu, C., Abdelbaset-Ismail, A., Sellers, Z. P., Moniuszko, M., … & Ratajczak, M. Z. (2015). Extracellular nucleotides as novel, underappreciated pro-metastatic factors that stimulate purinergic signaling in human lung cancer cells. Molecular cancer, 14(1), 201.
- Tice, J. A., Miglioretti, D. L., Li, C. S., Vachon, C. M., Gard, C. C., & Kerlikowske, K. (2015). Breast density and benign breast disease: risk assessment to identify women at high risk of breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 33(28), 3137-3143.
- Wei, Z., Er-li, G., Yi-li, Z., Qi, Z., Zhang-yong, Z., Gui-long, G., … & Xiao-hua, Z. (2012). Different distribution of breast ductal carcinoma in situ, ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion, and invasion breast cancer. World journal of surgical oncology, 10(1), 262.