Creating A Parking Lot In The City Of Bowling Green – KY, USA
Abstract
The research concludes an insight-parking problem in the large cities, effectiveness and the solutions for the parking problems. The research paper estimates the increasing demand for parking and estimates of the available parking lot in the city of Bowling Green-KY, USA. In this research, we discuss the strategies made by the management on increased demand of parking lots. The research uses an approximate methodology to analyze the capacity of the parking lots and availability of these parking lots in the city of Bowling Green-KY, USA.
The creation of a new parking lot is a need of the people living the areas nearby to bowling green city. This paper discusses the policies for creating a new parking lot due to increase in the demand. For this purpose, the New York City is used as a base study. The analysis, results, and recommendations provide a set of favourable policies that should be implemented to identify issues related to parking lots.
Project Scope
Project Goal
In recent decades, the economic development in urban areas has increased the population, which causes the increase the number of passengers and commercial vehicles. This is the responsibility of the management of that city to provide a proper parking system to the inhabitants of that city with an infrastructure facility resulted in limited space and other beneficial resources. Jaller, Vera’s., & Hodge (2013). The recent research shows that there is an increase in the traffic, especially for passengers due to high migration rate in the big cities. (Howtostartanllc.com, 2018)
Objectives
The increase in the traffic is demanding the management to implement and develop new parking lots and transportation demand management programs in the big cities. For the development of a new parking lot in the big cities like Bowling Green – KY in the USA, the management has focused on the policies based on inhabitants, a number of passengers in that area and already available parking lots. (Wendler, 2014)
There are a number of parking policies available in the big cities of the USA some of them for reference are discussed here. It is valuable to consider some factors that directly affect the subject matter in the policy implementation of the management. The creating of the new parking lot in the Bowling Green – KY, USA is subject to the following policy requirement. (H. Dean Penny, 2013) The management should make a survey regarding the demand, increase in demand for parking lots, and then make a strategy to build a new parking lot that can give benefit to the citizens. These are the policies that provide a list of rules that must be implemented while giving provision to a set of maximum parking seats to build in the city. It is valuable to study the impact of population on the parking lots and it is also found helpful to make a division of population for this purpose. To create a new parking lot it is valuable to consider the previous three factors in mind to represent and conclude better results of the research. It is valuable to examine the performance of the project to better recognize that this new lot will be beneficial for the city or not. (Connors, 2018) This part of the research proposes an approximate methodology to estimate the increase in the demand and available spaces in the parking lots already working in the main areas of the city. The methodology used for this research is based on previous researches assumptions. A number of important assumptions are. Key Variables: Therefore, the assumption is used as parking space required, during a time period by the creation of new parking lot in the USA. The current parking lots are not enough to manage the state’s vehicles efficiently. The tourists are finding themselves circling for a long time to place your car on a parking place. Developers are now compelled by the regulations of the government to provide enough parking spaces than requirements. (Shoup, 2018) The increase in the traffic and demand of the parking places in the urban areas of the cities is doing negativity for the environment, as over traffic is a big contributor to Global warming and pollution. The main focus of the policies is to maintain the balance between the demand and the actual position of the parking in the city. This research is primarily focusing on what we learned from past problems of traffic. This part of the contract is an important part, which includes both project and the contractor in a written deal. This contract is found to be helpful and used as a guarantee that this project will be done with certain conditions and future expectations. An effective Statement of works will include the detail of work, task, objective, expected outcome; date of completion and the expectations of the project like in the research objective the availability of parking space is the key objective. (Scott, 2018) The SOW is a legal document used in a long project or said to be a contractual agreement between the management and the contractor for performing a specified and particular task. Basically, the statement of work with a contractor includes the following elements. The work breakdown structure is used to divide the statement of works into different sections to organize the teamwork with manageable sections. The work breakdown structure is “The work break down structure is a hierarchical decomposition of the work statement and objective of the contracts to be executed in within the policy and contractual limits”. This section of the researchers divided the work structure into different levels for further execution of work. This will help both parties to better concentrate on the work and better visualization of the work. One of the easiest ways to manage work breakdown structure is to create a map of the project as in the case of creation of new parking lot in the big city. (Ohiopaving.com, 2018) The hierarchy of the project depends upon the work completion percentage and budget utilized for this project. The work breakdown structure has a number of positive effects, in addition, to well organize the project work. In this research, we divided the section of the progress of the work “creation of new parking lot” to better control, manage the structure, and work completion. Work breakdown structure uses a procedure called decomposition. Decomposition is a process in which the main work is divided into different smaller sections. The first element in scheduling the project is dependencies. There are different kinds of dependencies, some of them are mandatory and other is discretionary. The dependencies are relationships between the contracting parties to handle the task of the projects. There are basically four kinds of dependencies based on relationship. In a long-term project, the slack is a term used to refer the amount of the project that can be delayed without causing an effect upon the other subsequent tasks of the project. The slack is also said to be afloat. The floating tasks are those tasks that come after completion of one and other. If A, B, and C are the tasks in the project that must be completed on subsequent basis and D is a task that can be completed without disturbing the others is called the slack. The critical path is used in the longest projects like our research. The main focus of choosing the critical path is to consider the short-term possibilities to complete the project. This refers to as the technique to construct a model before starting the project. The resources must be allocated based on the importance of the task. As the previous section of the researchers is focused on the statement of work and breakdown structure. So, it is easy at this stage to assign resources allocation to the important sections of the research first and then to the other sections that are less important. (Mccue.com, 2018) The effectiveness and efficiency of your work depend upon the creation and optimization of your schedule of work that you have assigned to your project. There are some principles for an effective and perfect schedule This section of the research deals with the cost associated with the research project i.e. direct, indirect, fixed cost for the project. There are different cost elements that play a vital role in projects cost management. For the creation of a new parking lot, these elements must be kept in mind for cost estimation. (Allaboutparkinglots.com, 2018) This tool is used to forecast the overall cost of the project. The cost estimation includes It is found helpful to get the actual results of cost estimation with the help of software. Once you have created cost estimation in your plan then the next step is to allocate budget to finalize and approve your work description. Regular measurement of your project shows and represents the actual position of budget and work in progress that whether you are working within budget and within the schedule of work. There are some valuable techniques that can be used for estimation of the cost of your project. Cost and budget control techniques are found helpful for the results and management tools to match the expenditures and forecast cost estimation of the project. Because only budget and cost estimation is not enough, you have to match your cost estimation with the actual payments that were made for the project. The work of the project is defined and measured through deliverables. Deliverables are procedures that are adapted to handle the project estimation and cost elements. The cost elements are important in the resources allocation for completing a specified task. The cost elements include labour charges, direct and indirect material, overhead and other factory expenditures. (Autodesk.com, 2017) These are elements that effect directly to the work package. This cost basically includes labour, material and other equipment charges to complete the work in progress of the project. Direct cost also includes fixed and variable costs to handle the cost estimation problem. Indirect costs are those elements of cost estimation, which are associated with the project package and activity. These costs are basically computed based on percentage of the direct cost. The indirect cost includes the indirect labour, indirect material, and overhead charges. The earned value analysis is a method used to measure the progress of the project at any time within the project limits. It includes the The value of work done or percentage of the completion of the work is considered as “earned” this procedure is used to determine the actual expenditure incurred for the project. The earned value analysis is based on three base variables The planned value of the project is known as budgeted or estimated cost for scheduled work. This refers to as the actual cost incurred for the work completed. The work completed is known as earned and the budgeted cost of work, which was actually performed. These three variables are combined to know the actual position of the work and measuring the work schedule that it is according to plan. (C.ymcdn.com, 2018) S-curve analysis and earned value analysis are techniques that are used to measure the progress of the contractor at any time of the contract. It is on the management that which method of analysis they choose for the analysis. (Rsmeans.com, 2018) The main aim of the analysis is to display and examine cumulative data of the task or project. The S-curve analysis compares the data against the projected cost to know the actual completion progress of the project. S-curve and earned value analysis shows almost same results. There are basically two main purposes of this analysis The S curve and Earned value analysis both are beneficial for the project management because the managers are able to view the progress of the project and completion of tasks to compare them with the schedule of work. The communication channel is a very important element in pursuance of any project. Communication model is used for effective communication in project management. There is a different communication channel, which is used by the management to exchange information from one person to another. The elements of communication played a vital role in effective and good communication. These include The communication channel is used to facilitate the communication process so, that the contractor and the other party should convey messages in an easy way. (Asphaltwa.com, 2010) The communication skills of the management are also very important to the success of a project because how they communicate with each other will affect the results of the project. The top communication skills are (Boulais, 2018) To be a good communicator, you must be a good listener. No person would like that attitude in which someone only cares about to speak his or her own words but does not care about the other. You must take time for practice to become an active listener. An active listener is one who pays proper attention to the words the other person communicating. Your eye contact, body movement, gestures are also a mean of the message that you want to convey. An open, relaxed attitude of a person will make you approachable to the mind of the other person, which leads you to encourage the other party to speak openly with you. Your words that you are saying must be concise and clear in meaning that the listener should understand the message of your message in few possible words. You must be confident in your interactions. Confident interaction shows how able you are in supervising a task and the other believe in your words. You must give importance to the employees or the contractor’s words in term of communication because other’s point of view is important for understanding an issue. For a good communicator, you must convey your message in a flexible way that other persons who are listening to you can easily understand the theme of your message. When you communicate with each other, the feedback or response of the other party tells you that how important your communication skills are. It is one of the most important parts of the communication skill of the management because the best and simple medium of exchange you use better you get feedback soon. The medium of messages is radio, television, email, fax, telephone etc. (Three Things You Must Know Before Paving a Parking Lot, 2016) Reporting means to give complete information regarding the progress of the project. There are different kinds of reports that are used to give the status of the project. The status report is maintained by the project manager to reply to the questions of the higher management about the status of the report. When you have been asked by the CEO of the organization to give the status of the project within one hour then you need a previous status of the project which you can collect on daily, weekly or monthly basis to maintain the record of the project. Most of the managers maintain the risk reports on a monthly basis because it is added after the review meetings about the risk associated with the project associated. You can also update your risk report at any time. These reports are also used by the management to communicate the progress of the project. The executive members have also collected some data by personal visits or by some other resources. They compare the report with the availability of the data to take a decision regarding the project. Another form of a report that is used for the communication with the other parties to share the actual position of the budget and expenditure incurred for a particular project. (Watrydesign.com, 2018) Every time when an organization started the new project, it needs a new human resource program to manage the strategic plans of the organization. The role of Human resource in the project management is very dynamic because every new project needs an additional and different level of practices to be implemented to make the project successful. The Human Resource is used to deploy policies upon the project. In today’s environment where technology has improved itself as the best helper of humans, the human resource management also uses different kinds of applications for best results. The strategy that was developed for the new project must possess these minimum qualification skills. Risk management is a process of identifying and analyzing the risk factors that are directly associated with the project. The proper risk management is used to control the future events. Risk Management System The advanced technology has made it easy to identify the risk and to implement a new strategy to control the risk. The risk management systems are used for this process to predict future risks and their effects. There are basically two kinds of investors So according to these two kinds, the risk averter adopt these responses for risk The risk lover investor adopted a response in case of risk identification The main purpose of risk management is to The risk analysis is a process by which management can get solutions regarding risks associated with the management. Risk analysis process includes following steps. The first step in risk management is the identification of risk, using an assessment instrument; the risk is identified due to the ability of the human resource management and its capacity for managing the risk. Then the risk is further divided on prioritization basis. When the risk was identified, the next step in the process is to make an assessment of the risk and discuss the methods for solving this issue. The first question that arises after risk identification is “What is the main cause of the risk?” Now it is on the human resource team to initiate the process of managing risk through possible remedies or measures whether the investor is risk lover or averted. The last step in risk management is to create a plan for controlling that risk or to accept that risk but some measures must be followed to implement the new strategy. (Fixr.com, 2018) Quality management is a process of checking the quality of the product or quality of the work done by the project coordinator. It is valuable to examine the quality of work to improve the existing quality of the program. There are different principles, which are used to check the quality of the product, some of them are. This research is primarily focused on economic and political environment regarding the creation of new parking plot in the city of USA. This research provides a list of important recommendations for the project, which found valuable for the study. This paper reveals that the management should take reasonable steps to reduce the parking problems in the big cities by creating new parking lots in the big cities like Bowling Green-KY, USA. This research aims to identify the increase or decrease in the demand of parking places. The research used a strategic plan to overcome the problem by knowing the capacity of the parking lots available working in the city of Bowling Green-KY, USA. The creation of a new parking lot is a need of the people living the areas nearby to bowling green city. For this purpose, the New York City is used as a base study. The analysis, results, and recommendations provide a set of favorable policies that should be implemented to identify issues related to parking lots. The methodology used by previous researchers has some limitations Procedure
Problem Statement
Parking Demands
Parking Caps
Population Division
Creating New Car Parking Lot
Performance Of The Project
Organizational Structure
Statement Of Works
Statement Of Work Definition
Elements Of SOW
Work Breakdown Structure
Definition Of WBS
Hierarchy Of The project
Why Breakdown Structure Is Necessary
Implementation Of The Work Breakdown Structure
Scheduling
Slack
Critical Path
Assigning Resources
Creating And Optimizing The Schedule
The Cost Associated With The Project
Cost Estimation For The Project
Budgeting
Performance Measurement
Cost Estimation Techniques
Direct Cost
Indirect Cost
Earned Value Analysis Of The Project
Elements Of Earned Value Analysis
Planned Value Of The Project
Actual Expenditure Incurred
Earned Value
Earned Value Analysis And S Curve Analysis
Purpose
Benefits
Communication Channel
Communication Model
Elements Of Communication
Communication Skills For A Successful Project
Listening
Non-Verbal Communication
Clarity In Words
Interactions
Respect The Point Of View Of Others
Flexibility In Language
Feedback
Medium Of Exchange
Reporting To The Management
Status Reports
Risk Reports
Executive Reports
Budget Report
Human Resources
Risk management
Avoid Risk
Purpose Of Risk Management
Risk Analysis
Identification Risk
Risk Assessment
Responses To Risk
Create A New Plan
Quality Management
Recommendations
Lesson Learned
References